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Several tools are available for Macintosh System Administrators, mostly in the form of command-line shell scripts to be run from the Terminal application. Please read the comments in each script for descriptions and directions.

Running BOINC as a daemon or system service

Make_BOINC_Service.sh is a command-line shell script to set up the BOINC Client to run as a daemon at system startup. It can be used with either full GUI installations (BOINC Manager) or the stand-alone BOINC Client. (If you don't use the boinc daemon that came with the GUI installation, you should check the /Library/LaunchDaemons/edu.berkeley.boinc file that the Make_BOINC_Service.sh script generates for double slashes (//) and remove them if necessary.)

When run as a daemon:

• The BOINC Client always runs even when no user is logged in. However, it still observes the Activity settings as set by the Manager or the boinc_cmd application (Run always, Run based on preferences, Suspend, Snooze; Network activity always available, Network activity based on preferences, Network activity suspended.)
• Quitting the BOINC Manager will not cause the Client to exit.
• Most projects have upgraded their graphics to version 6 and will display graphics properly on BOINC version 6.2 and later even when running as a daemon. However, older style (version 5) application graphics (including screen saver graphics) are not available when the Client runs as a daemon.
• The BOINC Client may not successfully detect the presence of a GPU, so BOINC Project applications may not be able to use the GPU.
• The following apply to the full GUI installation (BOINC Manager):
  • You may need BOINC version 6.2 or later to work properly as a daemon.
  • Normally, BOINC Manager starts up automatically when each user logs in. You can change this as explained below.
  • If you wish to block some users from using BOINC Manager, move it out of the /Applications directory into a directory with restricted permissions. Due to the Manager's internal permissions, you can move it but cannot copy it. See Client security and sandboxing for more information.

Disabling auto-launch of BOINC Manager

By default, BOINC Manager starts up automatically when each user logs in. You can override this behavior by removing the BOINC Manager Login Item for selected users, either via the Accounts System Preferences panel or by creating a nologinitems.txt file in the BOINC Data folder. This should be a plain text file containing a list of users to be excluded from auto-launch, one user name per line.

An easy way to create this file is to type the following in terminal, then edit the file to remove unwanted entries:

After creating this file, run the installer. The installer will delete the Login Item for each user listed in the file. Entries which are not names of actual users are ignored (e.g., Shared, Deleted Users.)

Using BOINC's security features with the stand-alone BOINC Client

Beginning with version 5.5.4, the Macintosh BOINC Manager Installer implements additional security to protect your computer data from potential theft or accidental or malicious damage by limiting BOINC projects' access to your system and data, as described in Client security and sandboxing. We recommend that stand-alone BOINC Client installations also take advantage of this protection. You can do this by running the Mac_SA_Secure.sh command-line shell script after installing the stand-alone Client, and again any time you upgrade the Client.

Although we don't recommend it, you can remove these protections by running the Mac_SA_Insecure.sh script.

Moving BOINC Manager or BOINC Data Folder to a Different Drive

It is possible to run BOINC on the Mac with the BOINC Manager application or the BOINC Data folder on a drive other than the boot drive. This is complicated a bit by the need to set up the special permissions for BOINC's sandbox security, but it can be done. These instructions are provided with no warranty; use them at your own risk.

Here are instructions for moving both the application and the data (you can move either or both):

Shortcut: instead of typing a path in the Terminal application, you can drag a folder or file from a Finder window onto the Terminal window. If you do this, omit the quotation marks around the path!

[1] Quit BOINC.

[2] If you only want to move the BOINC Manager application, skip to step [4].

Copy the BOINC Data directory from the '/Library/Application Support/' directory to the desired drive. Rename the original BOINC Data directory or move it to a different directory on your boot drive as a backup safety measure. In any case, you must now not have a '/Library/Application Support/BOINC Data' directory before the next step.

[3] Create a symbolic link to the new BOINC Data directory in place of the old one. Enter the following in the Terminal application:

Substituting your new path for {newDataPath}; for example: '/Volumes/newDrive/myData'.

[4] If you only want to move the BOINC Data, skip to step [5].

Copy BOINCManager.app from '/Applications/BOINCManager.app' to the desired drive, and move the original into the trash. (The Finder may not show the filename extension '.app').

Create a symbolic link to the new copy in place of the old one. Enter the following in the Terminal application:

Substituting your new path for {newAppPath}; for example: '/Volumes/newDrive/myApps'

[5] IMPORTANT: you must create symbolic links. Macintosh aliases created with the Finder will not work!

Run the script Mac_SA_Secure.sh to set up proper permissions at the new locations. Enter the following in the Terminal application:

where {newDataPath} is as above and {path} is the path to the Mac_SA_Secure.sh script. (As before, you can drag the Mac_SA_Secure.sh file from a Finder window onto the Terminal window instead of typing its path.)

[6] Relaunch BOINC.

IMPORTANT: Each time you run the installer, you will need to repeat this. You may also need to repeat it after upgrading to a new version of Mac OSX. The installer will replace the symbolic link to the Manager with the new Manager, and will replace the symbolic link to the BOINC Data directory with a new initialized BOINC Data directory with no projects attached. You must:

• cancel out of the 'Attach to Project' dialog
• quit BOINC
• move that new initialized BOINC Data directory to the trash
• repeat steps [2] through [4].

Note: according to this discussion, the target drive must have 'Owners Enabled' set.

For safety, always make a backup copy of your BOINC Data before performing these steps.

Selecting which users may run BOINC Manager

Due to new restrictions imposed by OS 10.6 Snow Leopard, there has been a change in BOINC's security implementation. Non-administrative users can no longer run BOINC Manager unless they are added to group boinc_master.

As of BOINC 6.10.5, the BOINC installer asks whether or not you wish to add all non-admin users to group boinc_master. (As before, the installer automatically adds all users with administrative privileges [i.e., users who are members of group admin] to group boinc_master.)

If you need more selective control over which users should be in group boinc_master, you can use the command-line tool AddRemoveUser.

To add user1, user2 and user3 to group boinc_master, enter the following in the Terminal application:

where {path} is the path to the AddRemoveUser application.This also sets a login item for each specified user so that BOINC Manager will start automatically when that user logs in.

You can also use:

This is the same as the -a option and also sets BOINC as the screensaver for the specified users.

To remove user1, user2 and user3 from group boinc_master, enter the following in the Terminal application:

This also removes the BOINCManager login item for each specified user. If any of the specified users had BOINC set as their screensaver, it will change their screensaver to Flurry.

Installing BOINC on a Mac using the command line

In some situations, such as remote or automated installs, it is more convenient to install BOINC Manager via the command line instead of the GUI. But there is no way to respond to dialogs during a command-line install.

Apple's command-line installer sets the following environment variable:

The postinstall script, postupgrade script, and this Postinstall.app detect this environment variable and do the following:

• Redirect the Postinstall.app log output to a file /tmp/BOINCInstallLog.txt.
• Suppress the 2 dialogs (asking whether to allow non-admin users to manage BOINC and whether to use the BOINC screensaver.)
• test for the existence of a file /tmp/nonadminusersok.txt; if the file exists, allow non-administrative users to run BOINC Manager.
• test for the existence of a file /tmp/setboincsaver.txt; if the file exists, set BOINC as the screensaver for all BOINC users.

The BOINC installer package to be used for command line installs can be found embedded inside the GUI BOINC Installer application at:

Example: To install on a remote Mac from the command line, allowing non-admin users to run the BOINC Manager and setting BOINC as the screensaver:First SCP the 'BOINC.pkg' to the remote Mac's /tmp directory, then SSh into the remote Mac and enter the following:

I recently switched to Mac OS X as my primary desktop operating system after spending over a decade on Linux. Although Apple's operating system supplies practically all of the command line tools I know and love, I want to spend less time in a terminal window and start cultivating workflows that integrate better with the Mac user experience.

In my quest to tear the power of the command line out of the terminal, I have found that Apple's Automator tool is a powerful ally. Although it's not as mighty as the command line for improvisational automation, it's useful for defining stand-alone operations that you want to be able to repeat. I've used Automator over the past week to build simple applications that replace some of my personal shell scripts.

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One of the most compelling features of Automator is support for building services—headless applications that are pervasively accessible throughout the operating system. Many services are context-sensitive and designed to process or operate on user input. A brief and unscientific poll of Mac enthusiasts revealed that few actually use the Services menu. Despite its relative obscurity among users, I've learned to appreciate its value.

Apple offers a number of its own services—like one that supports dictionary lookup on a selected word—that work with the platform's standard applications. Third-party developers can also create services to deploy with their applications. Automator makes it really easy for regular end users to create their own services with specialized behaviors.

As a Linux refugee, one of the features that makes Automator particularly compelling is that it allows me to integrate command-line operations, commands, and pipelines into my Automator workflows. In this tutorial, I'm going to show you two of the ways that I use shell scripting in Automator services in order to simplify my work.

A trivial example

I write virtually all of my articles in the Vim text editor and use Markdown syntax for formatting. On Linux, I used a Markdown processing tool from the command-line to convert my articles to HTML and then piped the output into the xclip command so that I could just paste the finished article directly into Ars Technica's content management system. I had a simple shell script that I could call directly from within Vim itself to perform those steps.

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This same approach is still viable on Mac OS X, but I wanted to explore a more Mac-native solution to the same problem. More importantly, I wanted a solution that wasn't tied solely to Vim. That's where Automator comes into play. I built a trivial service that wraps a command-line Markdown processor. I can select a block of editable text with Markdown formatting in any Mac application and use the Markdown service to convert it to HTML in place.

To create a service, you start by selecting New from Automator's File menu. Automator will show you a list of available templates and prompt you to choose one for your new project. You should select the Service option, which is accompanied by a gear icon. In your new service, you will see a bar at the top of the Automator flow pane. It has combo boxes that allow you to set filters that establish the conditions in which your service should be made accessible. You want to make a service that receives selected text and will operate in any application.

Below those combo boxes is a checkbox that you can toggle to specify whether you want the output of your service to replace the selected text block. We definitely want that to be checked for our Markdown service, because we are replacing the Markdown-formatted input text with the HTML output provided by the Markdown processing engine.

The behavior of our Markdown workflow is really simple, so it will only require one action. From the left-hand action library pane, drag the Run Shell Script action out into the workflow pane. It will automatically create a connection with the top bar, indicating that it will use the user's selected text as the initial input.

The shell script action has a few simple options. You can choose the shell environment that you want to use for the operation and you can choose how you want it to handle the input. For the purpose of this example, we want to use the standard Bash shell. We also want to configure the action to pass the input into stdin, the UNIX standard input stream. This is a really useful capability in Automator, because it makes it possible to seamlessly mix Automator workflows with shell pipelines.

In the main text area of the shell action, we need to specify what command-line expression we want Bash to execute. In this case, all we want it to do is run the markdown command. I have already installed the markdown command using the relevant Homebrew package, but Automator's Bash shell doesn't seem to find it in my command path. To work around Automator's difficulty finding the command, I simply put the full path into the text box, as you can see below.

Now that the workflow is complete, you just have to save it under the name Markdown. By default, Automator will store your custom services in the ~/Library/services directory. Any Automator service that is copied into that path will be made available through the services menu under applicable conditions. To run the new service, you just have to select some text and then click the Markdown item in the services menu.

There are a number of ways that you can customize this service to achieve alternate behaviors. For example, you could use the Copy to Clipboard action at the end of the workflow to make the output go to the user's clipboard rather than replacing the selected text.

All Alone (bitsbybrad) Mac OS